1 Samuel 13:11

Authorized King James Version

And Samuel said, What hast thou done? And Saul said, Because I saw that the people were scattered from me, and that thou camest not within the days appointed, and that the Philistines gathered themselves together at Michmash;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל
And Samuel
shemuel, the name of three israelites
#3
מֶ֣ה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#4
עָשִׂ֑יתָ
What hast thou done
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#5
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#6
שָׁא֡וּל
And Saul
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#7
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#8
רָאִיתִי֩
Because I saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#9
כִֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#10
נָפַ֨ץ
were scattered
to dash to pieces, or scatter
#11
הָעָ֜ם
that the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#12
מֵֽעָלַ֗י
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
וְאַתָּה֙
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#14
לֹֽא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#15
בָ֙אתָ֙
from me and that thou camest
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#16
לְמוֹעֵ֣ד
appointed
properly, an appointment, i.e., a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as convened for
#17
הַיָּמִ֔ים
not within the days
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#18
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים
and that the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#19
נֶֽאֱסָפִ֥ים
gathered themselves together
to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
#20
מִכְמָֽשׂ׃
at Michmash
mikmas or mikmash, a place in palestine

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing covenant community contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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